Hardware Lister (lshw) ile Detaylı Donanım Bilgileri
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linux sistemlerin detaylı donanım bilgisini çıkarabilmek için kullanılabilecek bir kaç araç mevcut. Bunlardan birisi olan hardware Lister (lshw) gerek temiz ve okunaklı raporlar üretmesi ve raporları, text, html ve xml formatında verebilmesi sebebiyle özellikle envanter raporlaması vs. gibi işler için oldukça uygun. |
lshw, özellikle mainboard, Bios, CPU, memory, disk, network, cache, bus hızı gibi bilgilei detaylı olarak raporlayabiliyor, hangi bileşenlerin anakart üzerinde hangi slotlara takılı olduğunu gösterebiliyor. Üretilen raporlar text, html ya da xml olarak çıktısını verilebiliyor.
Hemen her linux dağıtımı için pre-compiled paketleri mevcut olduğundan dolayı sisteme kurmak da çok kolay. Kurulum ve kullanım bilgileri şu şekilde:
LSHW KURULUMU
hardware Lister'ın, Mandriva, Gentoo, debian, ubuntu, RedHat, centos, Fedora, Slackware gibi linux dağıtımları için pre-compiled paketleri mevcut ve sanırım hemen hepsi orjinal paket depolarında mevcut.
Ben burada kısaca Redhat ve debian üzerine nasıl kurulum yapılabileceğini anlatacağım.
debian Üzerine lshw Kurulumu
Debian'ın kendi paket depolarında lshw paketi mevcut. Dolayısı ile paketi download etmenize gerek yok. Dolayısı ile apt-getile kurulumu herzamanki gibi yapabilirsiniz. Şöyle:
# apt-get install lshw
Hepsi bu. Debian kullanıyorsanız, Kullanım başlığına geçebilirsiniz.
Redhat ve Türlerine lshw Kurulumu
Redhat ve türevi dağıtımlarda, lshw rpm paketleri, orjinal paket depolarında bulunmuyor, ancak Dag Wieers'in rpmforge isimli paket deposunda bulmak mümkün. Bu repo'yu yum'a eklemek için şu sayfadan yararlanabilirsiniz. http://www.syslogs.org/2009/03/rpmforge-yum-repository/
Depo eklemekle uğraşmak istemiyorsanız, direk kurulum için şu adımları takip edebilirsiniz:
Önce paketi download edin:
# wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/lshw/lshw-2.10-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
Şu an ki son sürüm 2.10-1 ancak yeni sürüm olup olmadığını http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/lshw/ adresinden kontrol edin.
Kurulum herzamanki gibi:
# yum localinstall lshw-2.10-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm --nogpgcheck
Paket kurulumundan sonra, lshw kullanabiliriz.
LSHW KULLANIMI
Kullanımın çok basit. Default çıktı için komut satırına lshw yazmanız yeterli.
# lshw
Çıktı şuna benzer olacaktır.
cagri-homeserv description: Desktop Computer product: PROD00000000 vendor: OEM00000 width: 32 bits capabilities: smbios-2.2 dmi-2.2 smp-1.4 smp configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop cpus=1 *-core description: Motherboard product: nForce4 DDR: 9NPA3I / 9NPA3J / 9NPAJ-3 / 9NPA3 Ultra Series vendor: EPoX COMPUTER CO., LTD physical id: 0 version: 1.x slot: �FDD *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: Phoenix Technologies, LTD physical id: 0 version: 6.00 PG (09/23/2005) size: 128KiB capacity: 448KiB capabilities: isa pci pnp apm upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb ls120boot zipboot *-cpu:0 description: CPU product: AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3200+ vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] physical id: 3 bus info: cpu@0 version: 15.15.0 slot: Socket 939 size: 2GHz capacity: 3GHz width: 64 bits clock: 200MHz capabilities: boot fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt x86-64 3dnowext 3dnow up pni lahf_lm *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: b slot: Internal Cache size: 128KiB capacity: 128KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-back *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: d slot: External Cache size: 512KiB capacity: 512KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-back *-cpu:1 DISABLED description: CPU vendor: Unknown physical id: 5 bus info: cpu@1 version: 15.15.0 slot: Socket 939 size: 2GHz capacity: 3GHz clock: 200MHz *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: c slot: Internal Cache size: 128KiB capacity: 128KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-back *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: e slot: External Cache size: 512KiB capacity: 512KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-back *-memory:0 description: System Memory physical id: 1e slot: System board or motherboard size: 2GiB *-bank:0 description: DIMM physical id: 0 slot: A0 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits *-bank:1 description: DIMM [empty] physical id: 1 slot: A1 width: 64 bits *-bank:2 description: DIMM [empty] physical id: 2 slot: A2 width: 64 bits *-bank:3 description: DIMM physical id: 3 slot: A3 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits *-memory:1 UNCLAIMED description: Memory controller product: CK804 Memory Controller vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 4 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz (15.2ns) capabilities: ht bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-isa description: ISA bridge product: CK804 ISA Bridge vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 1 bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: isa bus_master configuration: latency=0 *-serial description: SMBus product: CK804 SMBus vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 1.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:01.1 version: a2 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pm cap_list configuration: driver=nForce2_smbus latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 module=i2c_nforce2 *-usb:0 description: USB Controller product: CK804 USB Controller vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: a2 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ohci_hcd latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 *-usb:1 description: USB Controller product: CK804 USB Controller vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: debug pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 module=ehci_hcd *-multimedia description: Multimedia audio controller product: CK804 AC'97 Audio Controller vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: f bus info: pci@0000:00:04.0 version: a2 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=Intel ICH latency=0 maxlatency=5 mingnt=2 module=snd_intel8x0 *-ide:0 description: IDE interface product: CK804 IDE vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 6 bus info: pci@0000:00:06.0 logical name: scsi4 logical name: scsi5 version: a2 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list emulated configuration: driver=pata_amd latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 *-disk description: ATA Disk product: Maxtor 6Y080L0 vendor: Maxtor physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@4:0.1.0 logical name: /dev/sdb version: YAR4 serial: Y25E9W8C size: 76GiB (81GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=2e7ba9ec *-volume:0 description: EXT3 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@4:0.1.0,1 logical name: /dev/sdb1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: 4833e58b-0056-4a17-b45d-b90cf552336d size: 73GiB capacity: 73GiB capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files ext3 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2009-04-20 02:14:10 filesystem=ext3 modified=2009-08-22 07:14:08 mount.fstype=ext3 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2009-08-21 23:52:33 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Extended partition physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@4:0.1.0,2 logical name: /dev/sdb2 size: 3223MiB capacity: 3223MiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sdb5 capacity: 3223MiB capabilities: nofs *-cdrom description: DVD reader product: CDRW/DVD CB1100B vendor: _NEC physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@5:0.1.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/scd0 logical name: /dev/sr0 version: NS00 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc *-ide:1 description: IDE interface product: CK804 Serial ATA Controller vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 7 bus info: pci@0000:00:07.0 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=sata_nv latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 module=sata_nv *-ide:2 description: IDE interface product: CK804 Serial ATA Controller vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 8 bus info: pci@0000:00:08.0 logical name: scsi2 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list emulated configuration: driver=sata_nv latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 module=sata_nv *-disk description: ATA Disk product: ST3250823AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 3.03 serial: 3ND2695E size: 232GiB (250GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=e412e412 *-volume:0 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 version: 3.1 serial: 1eb21440-63d5-624c-9152-1d375cf57400 size: 14GiB capacity: 14GiB capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2008-01-18 18:39:36 filesystem=ntfs state=clean *-volume:1 description: Extended partition physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 size: 218GiB capacity: 218GiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume:0 description: HPFS/NTFS partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 48GiB *-logicalvolume:1 description: HPFS/NTFS partition physical id: 6 logical name: /dev/sda6 capacity: 169GiB *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: CK804 PCI Bridge vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 9 bus info: pci@0000:00:09.0 version: a2 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pci bus_master *-network DISABLED description: Wireless interface product: Atheros AR5001X+ Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 5 bus info: pci@0000:01:05.0 logical name: wmaster0 version: 01 serial: 00:15:e9:2c:c0:f2 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list logical ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath5k_pci latency=168 maxlatency=28 mingnt=10 module=ath5k multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bg *-bridge description: Ethernet interface product: CK804 Ethernet Controller vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: a bus info: pci@0000:00:0a.0 logical name: eth0 version: a3 serial: 00:04:61:a1:89:ce size: 100000000 capacity: 1000000000 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: bridge pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=forcedeth driverversion=0.61 duplex=full ip=10.0.0.4 latency=0 link=yes maxlatency=20 mingnt=1 module=forcedeth multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: CK804 PCIE Bridge vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: b bus info: pci@0000:00:0b.0 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport-driver *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: CK804 PCIE Bridge vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: c bus info: pci@0000:00:0c.0 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport-driver *-pci:3 description: PCI bridge product: CK804 PCIE Bridge vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: d bus info: pci@0000:00:0d.0 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport-driver *-pci:4 description: PCI bridge product: CK804 PCIE Bridge vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: e bus info: pci@0000:00:0e.0 version: a3 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport-driver *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: NV43 [GeForce 6600] vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 version: a2 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0 module=nvidia *-pci:5 description: Host bridge product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:18.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:6 description: Host bridge product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] physical id: 101 bus info: pci@0000:00:18.1 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:7 description: Host bridge product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] physical id: 102 bus info: pci@0000:00:18.2 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:8 description: Host bridge product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] physical id: 103 bus info: pci@0000:00:18.3 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=k8temp module=k8temp *-network DISABLED description: Ethernet interface physical id: 1 logical name: pan0 serial: ee:bf:46:7e:2b:7d capabilities: ethernet physical configuration: broadcast=yes driver=bridge driverversion=2.3 firmware=N/A link=yes multicast=yes
Görüldüğü gibi rapor ağaç şeklinde bir hiyerarşi ile veriliyor. Bundan dolayı nerede ne var görmek epey kolay.
Ayrıca, çıktıyı txt, html ya da xml olarak almak ve bir dosyaya yazmak da mümkün. Mesela, html olarak çıktı almak için şu şekilde bir komut kullanılabilir.
# lshw -html > donanim.html
Html çıktısının bir örneğini buraya tıklayarak görebilirsiniz.
Sonuç olarak lshw temiz raporlar üretmesinden dolayı çok kullanışlı bir programdır. Belki sizin de işinize yarar. lshw hakkında daha fazla bilgi almak için aşağıdaki linke göz atabilirsiniz.
Kaynak:
http://ezix.org/project/wiki/HardwareLiSter
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